Referencing - Books & Ebooks
Print books & ebooks
Guidelines
- The DOI or URL must be included if available
- If accessed through an ebook reader app, include the name of the ebook reader version ie. 'Kindle version' or 'Kobo version' in square brackets immediately following the title. Also show the commercial URL of the ebook reader version as the source.
- If you are citing information that is drawn from multiple, non-consecutive pages from the same text, list all the pagination separated by commas.
In-text Citation (eBooks & Print books)
(Author, Year, Page Range)
Print Book Reference List
Author
Author. (Year). Book title. Publisher.
Editor
Editor. (Ed.). (Year). Book title. Publisher.
Author of Book With Multiple Editions
Author. (Year). Book title (edition). Publisher
eBooks Reference List
Author
Author. (Year). Book title. Publisher. URL OR https://doi.org/xx.xxxxxxxxxx
Editor
Editor. (Ed.). (Year). Book title. Publisher. URL OR https://doi.org/xx.xxxxxxxxxx
Author of Book With Multiple Editions
Author. (Year). Book title (edition). Publisher. URL OR https://doi.org/xx.xxxxxxxxxx
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In text example |
Reference list example |
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(Oguz, 2022, p. 63)
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Open Access Textbook Oguz, A. (2022). Project management: Navigating the complexity with a systematic approach. MSL Academic Endeavors. https://open.umn.edu/opentextbooks/textbooks/project-management-navigating-the-complexity-with-a-systematic-approach |
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(Sabourin, 2021, pp. 85-87) |
Ebook from a subscribed database Sabourin, V. (2021). Strategic management for the hospitality and tourism industry: Developing a competitive advantage. Apple Academic Press. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/think/detail.action?docID=6804268 |
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(Short, 2020) |
eReader Short, M. A. (2020). Addiction in Australia: A study of multiple dependency [DX Reader version]. http://www.ebookstore.tandf.co.au/html/index.asp |
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(Sabourin, 2021, p.21) |
Print book Sabourin, V. (2021). Strategic management for the hospitality and tourism industry: Developing a competitive advantage. Apple Academic Press.
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(Sarris & Wardle, 2019, pp. 311-312) |
Print book with editor Sarris, J., & Wardle, J. (Eds.). (2019). Clinical naturopathy: An evidence-based guide to practice (3rd ed.). Elsevier. |
Books with two authors or editors
Guidelines
- All authors or editors names are to be provided in the order in which they appear on the title page of the publication.
- For In-text references where the names are within brackets, insert an ampersand (‘&’) between the last two authors. When the names are part of the sentence, insert ‘and’ between the last two authors.
- If you are dealing with editors instead of authors, insert the editor's name in the reference list in the same place where the author's name would usually go, followed by "(Eds.)" without the quotation marks. The rest of the format would remain the same.
- Include the DOI or URL for ebooks if available
In-text Citation (eBooks & Print books)
(Author 1 & Author 2, Year, Page Range)
Print Book Reference List
Author
Author 1 & Author 2. (Year). Book title. Publisher.
Editor
Editor 1 & Editor 2. (Ed.). (Year). Book title. Publisher.
Author of Book With Multiple Editions
Author 1 & Author 2. (Year). Book title (edition). Publisher
eBooks Reference List
Authors
Author 1 & Author 2. (Year). Book title. Publisher. URL OR https://doi.org/xx.xxxxxxxxxx
Editor
Editor 1 & Editor 2. (Ed.). (Year). Book title. Publisher. URL OR https://doi.org/xx.xxxxxxxxxx
Authors of Book With Multiple Editions
Author 1 & Author 2. (Year). Book title (edition). Publisher. URL OR https://doi.org/xx.xxxxxxxxxx
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In text example |
Reference list example |
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In-text citation (paraphrase or direct quotation): (Sharma and Branscum, 2020, p. 245)
(Dennison & Weber, 2015, pp. 120-121)
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Ebook with 2 authors Sharma, M., & Branscum, P. (2020). Foundations of mental health promotion. (2nd ed). Jones & Bartlett Learning. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/think/detail.action?docID=6267042 Print book with 2 authors Dennison, D.F., & Weber, M.R. (2015). Strategic hospitality human resources management. Pearson.
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Books with Three to Twenty authors or editors
Guidelines
- In the case of three or more authors, the in-text citation should list the name of the first author followed by 'et al. (meaning ‘and others’).'
- For the References list, all authors or editors names are to be provided in the order in which they appear on the title page of the publication.
- If you are dealing with editors rather than authors, insert the editor's name in place of an author's name in the reference list entry followed by '(Ed.)' without the quotation marks.
- Include the DOI or URL for ebooks if available
In-text Citation (eBooks & Print books)
(Author 1 et al., Year, Page Range)
Print Book Reference List
Author
Authors. (Year). Book title. Publisher.
Editor
Editors. (Ed.). (Year). Book title. Publisher.
Author of Book With Multiple Editions
Authors. (Year). Book title (edition). Publisher
eBooks Reference List
Authors
Authors. (Year). Book title. Publisher. URL OR https://doi.org/xx.xxxxxxxxxx
Editor
Editors. (Ed.). (Year). Book title. Publisher. URL OR https://doi.org/xx.xxxxxxxxxx
Authors of Book With Multiple Editions
Authors. (Year). Book title (edition). Publisher. URL OR https://doi.org/xx.xxxxxxxxxx
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In text example |
Reference list example |
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In-text citation (paraphrase or direct quotation): (Henrotin et al., 2012, pp. 203-204) |
Ebook with multiple editors: Henrotin, Y., Bennell, K., & Rannou, F. (Eds.). (2012). Nonpharmacological therapies in the management of osteoarthritis. Bentham Books. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/think/detail.action?docID=976640 |
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(Feng et al., 2015, p. 15) |
Print book with multiple authors Feng, X., Ljungwall, C., & He, G. (2015). The ecology of Chinese private enterprises. World Scientific Publishing Co. Pty. Ltd. |
Edited book chapter
Guidelines
- When a book contains chapters written by different authors, these authors are acknowledged at the beginnings of the chapters and/or in the table of contents. The author and title of the specific chapter you read must be included in the reference list entry.
- The author and title of the chapter should be listed at the start of the reference list entry.
- The authors of the chapter are written in the style of 'Surname, A. A'. The editors of the whole book are written in the style of 'A. A. Surname'.
The reference for the entire book will follow beginning with the word "In" not including quotation marks. Book title needs to be in italics.
- For ebooks, include the DOI or URL to the book chapter in the full reference list entry
In-text Citation
Reference List (Ebook Chapter)
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In text example |
Reference list example |
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In-text citation (Borland, 2021, p. 37) |
Ebook chapter Borland, J.H., (2021). The trouble with conceptions of giftedness. In R.J. Sternberg & D. Ambrose (Eds.), Conceptions of giftedness and talent (pp. 37-49). Palgrave Macmillan. https://link-springer-com.torrens.idm.oclc.org/book/10.1007/978-3-030-56869-6 |
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(Brinsfield & Edwards, 2020, p. 49) |
Print book chapter Brinsfield, C.T., & Edwards, M.S. (2020). Employee voice and silence in organizational behavior. In A. Wilkinson, J Donaghey, & T. Dundon. (Eds.), Handbook of research on employee voice (2nd ed., pp. 49 - 49). Edward Elgar. |
Ebook with no page numbers
Guidelines
-When creating an in-text citation for an book without any page numbers, give information about either the chapter title, heading or section to help the reader find the information.
-Include the paragraph number as para.x. To determine the paragraph number accurately, start counting from beginining of the chapter/section/subheading that includes the paragraph, whichever is closest to the paragraph.
In-Text Citation (Book with no page numbers)
(Author, Year, Chapter/Sub heading/Section, para. number)
Print Book Reference List
Author
Author. (Year). Book title. Publisher.
Editor
Editor. (Ed.). (Year). Book title. Publisher.
Author of Book With Multiple Editions
Author. (Year). Book title (edition). Publisher
eBooks Reference List
Author
Author. (Year). Book title. Publisher. URL OR https://doi.org/xx.xxxxxxxxxx
Editor
Editor. (Ed.). (Year). Book title. Publisher. URL OR https://doi.org/xx.xxxxxxxxxx
Author of Book With Multiple Editions
Author. (Year). Book title (edition). Publisher. URL OR https://doi.org/xx.xxxxxxxxxx
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In text example |
Reference list example |
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In-text citation (with chapter heading) (Craft, 2019, Meiosis, para. 2)
(Cromb, 2023, Suture materials, para. 1)
(Hechtman, 2019, Case taking and treatment, para. 4) |
Ebook without page numbers Craft, J., (2019). Understanding Pathophysiology. (ANZ ed.). Elsevier Australia. https://lesa.on.worldcat.org/oclc/1141736220
Cromb, M.M. (2023). Sutures, sharps and instruments. In J. C Rothrock (Ed.), Alexander's care of the patient in surgery.(17th ed). Elsevier. https://lesa.on.worldcat.org/oclc/1346397318
Hechtman, L. (2019). Clinical naturopathic medicine (2nd ed.). Elsevier. https://www.clinicalkey.com.au/nursing/#!/browse/book/3-s2.0-C20160022763 |
Organisational author
Guidelines
- When a work has no author, cite the sponsoring organisation in place of the author.
- If there is also no sponsoring organisation, use the first few words of the title (or entire title if it is short) in the in-text citation, and the entire title in place of author in the reference list.
- When a work's author is designated as Anonymous, the in-text reference at the end of the sentences should be Anonymous followed by a comma and the date.
In-text Citation (eBooks & Print books)
(Organisational Author, Year, Page Range)
Print Book Reference List
Author
Organisational Author. (Year). Book title. Publisher.
Author of Book With Multiple Editions
Organisational Author. (Year). Book title (edition). Publisher
eBooks Reference List
Author
Organisational Author. (Year). Book title. Publisher. URL OR https://doi.org/xx.xxxxxxxxxx
Author of Book With Multiple Editions
Organisational Author. (Year). Book title (edition). Publisher. URL OR https://doi.org/xx.xxxxxxxxxx
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In text example |
Reference list example |
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In-text citation
(Project Management Institute, 2021, p. 70)
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Ebook with organisational author Project Management Institute. (2021). The standard for project management and a guide to the project management body of knowledge: PMBOK guide. Project Management Institute. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/think/detail.action?docID=6636132
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Translated eBooks & Books
Guidelines
- When a work has been translated from another language, your references must show that you are citing a translation, not the original work.
- The in-text citation should include the original author's surname, the year of original publication and the year the translation you have read was published.
- In the reference list entry, following the title, add the name of the translator and 'Trans.' in brackets (not including quotation marks).
-Include the date of the original work in brackets following publication details as "Original work published" Year
In-text Citation
(Original author, original year/year of translated publication, Page Range)
Reference List (Translated Print Book)
Author. (Year of translated publication). Book title (Translator First Initial. Second Initial. Surname, Trans.) Publisher (Original work published XXXX).
Reference List (Translated Ebook)
Author. (Year of translated publication). Book title (Translator First Initial. Second Initial. Surname, Trans.) Publisher (Original work published XXXX). URL
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In text example |
Reference list example |
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In-text citation (Zhang,1987/2002, p. 321)
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Translated Print Book Zhang, D. (2002). Key concepts in Chinese philosophy (E. Ryden, Trans.). Foreign Language Press. (Original work published 1987)
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Secondary sources
Guidelines
-If you can locate/access the original work, it is highly recommended to cite the original source. It is usually recommended to avoid citing secondary sources of information unless necessary.
- There may be times where you cannot locate/access the original source and you still wish to cite information that another author has cited.
- As you have not read the original work, only include the source that you did read in your reference list.
- The in-text citation needs to include the author/s of the original work, followed by the phrase "as cited in", before providing the citation of the text that you have actually read.
In-text Citation
(Original author, as cited in Secondary source author, Year, Page Range)
Reference List (Secondary Source Print Book)
Author. (Year). Book title. Publisher.
Reference List (Secondary Source eBook)
Author. (Year). Book title. Publisher. URL OR https://doi.org/xxxx
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In text example |
Reference list example |
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In-text Citation
(Anderson & Ramsdale, as cited in Burton, 2018, p.77).
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Secondary Source (Print Book) Burton, M. (2018). Therapeutic massage techniques. Penguin
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Reprinted Book
Guidelines
-Out of print books may get republished with different content and/or publisher.
-Include the republished date, a slash and the original publication date in the in-text citation.
-Include the original year of publication after the current publisher in the reference list entry as "Original work published" XXXX
In-text Citation
(Author, Original Year/Republished Year, Page Range)
Reference List (Reprinted Physical Book)
Author. (Republished Year). Title. Current Publisher. (Original work published XXXX)
Reference List (Republished eBook)
Author. (Republished Year). Title. Current Publisher. (Original work published XXXX). URL
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In text example |
Reference list example |
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In-text citation
(Smith, 1793/1976, p. 67)
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Reprinted Book Smith, A. (1976). An inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nations. Chicago University Press. (Original work published 1793). |
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(Culpeper, 1880/2009, p. 240) |
Republished eBook Culpeper, N. (2009). Culpeper's complete herbal : consisting of a comprehensive description of nearly all herbs with their medicinal properties and directions for compounding the medicines extracted from them. Internet Archive. (Original work published 1880) https://archive.org/details/culpeperscomplet00culpuoft/page/n3/mode/2up |