In general, APA style does not require that you reference a database, however the exception to this is when a database contains original or proprietary information that is generally not available elsewhere.
This page provides examples of how to reference databases that contain original, proprietary content. Use the tabs below to navigate to specific examples.
Include the date retrieved when a database updates the content regularly
Example
Editor Surname, First Initial. Second Initial., & Editor Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Eds.). (Year). Monograph title. American Herbal Pharmacopoeia.
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In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Romm & Upton, 2012).
In-Text Citation (Quotation):
(Romm & Upton, 2012)
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Romm, A., & Upton, R. (Eds.). (2012). Blue cohosh root and rhizome. American Herbal Pharmacopoeia.
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For further information see:
Example
Author Surname, First Initial, Second Initial. (Year). Article title: subtitle. Cochrane Database of Systematic
Reviews, year(issue), page range. doi:xx.xxxxxxxxxx
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In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Strobel et al., 2022)
In-Text Citation (Quotation):
(Strobel et al., 2022)
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Strobel, N.A., Chamberlain, C., Campbell, S.K., Shields, L., Bainbridge, R.G., Adams, C., Edmond, K.M., Marriott, R., & McCalman, J. (2022). Family-centred interventions for Indigenous early childhood well-being by primary healthcare services. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2022(12). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD012463.pub2 |
JBI Evidence Summary or Recommended Practice Example
Author, A. A. (Year). Title: Subtitle [Evidence Summary]. Database name. URL
Author, A. A. (Year). Title: Subtitle [Evidence Based Recommended Practice]. Database name. URL
JBI Best Practice Information Sheets & Systematic Reviews
Author, A.A. (Date). Title of article: Subtitle of article. Title of Journal, volume(issue), page numbers of the whole article. https://doi.org/xx.xxx/xxxx
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Evidence Summary In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Bellman, 2017)
Evidence Based Recommended Practice In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Joanna Briggs Institute, 2022)
Systematic Review In-text Citation (Paraphrase): (Sandy-Hodgetts & Watts, 2015)
Best Practice Information Sheet In-text Citation (Paraphrase): (Joanna Briggs Institute, 2022) |
Bellman, S. (2017). Warfarin use: Residential care facilities (older person). [Evidence Summaries].Joanna Briggs Institute EBP Database. https://joannabriggs.org/
Joanna Briggs Institute. (2022). Acupuncture: Managing hot flashes for people with cancer. [Evidence Based Recommended Practice]. Joanna Briggs Institute EBP Database. https://joannabriggs.org/
Sandy-Hodgetts, K., & Watts, R. (2015). Effectiveness of negative pressure wound therapy/closed incision management in the prevention of post-surgical wound complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports, 13(1), 253-303. https://doi: 10.11124/jbisrir-2015-1687
Joanna Briggs Institute. (2022). Experiences of nurses caring for involuntary migrant maternal women. Best Practice: Evidence Based Information Sheets for Health Professionals, 24(5), 1-5.
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Author Surname [of Chapter or Article], First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Article or chapter title. In MSD manual professional edition. Merck & Co, Inc. Retrieved date, from URL
Print or e-book version
The print version of the Merck manual is referenced as chapters in a book with separate authors.
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Online example: In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Ansari, 2022)
Print or eBook example: In-text Citation (Paraphrase): (O'Connor, 2018) |
Ansari, P. (2022). Acute abdominal pain. In MSD manual professional edition. Merck & Co, Inc. Retrieved December 16, 2022, from https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/gastrointestinal-disorders/acute-abdomen-and-surgical-gastroenterology/acute-abdominal-pain
O'Connor, R., (2018). Critical care medicine: Cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. In R.S. Porter et al. (eds.). (20th ed.). The Merck manual of diagnosis and therapy. Wiley-Blackwell.
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eMIMS (Online)
Title of reference entry, (Year). In Title of Reference source. Retrieved date, from URL of homepage if not freely available from the internet
eMIMS (Software)
Title of reference entry, (Year). In Title of Reference source (Version No.). [Format]. Publisher.
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In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Panadol, 2022)
In-Text Citation (Paraphrase):
(Panadol, 2022)
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eMIMs (Online) Panadol. (2022). In eMIMS. Retrieved December 16, 2022, from http://www.emims.com.au eMIMS (Software) Panadol. (2022). In eMIMS (Version 5.0). [Computer Software]. MIMS Australia.
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In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Therapeutic Research Centre, 2012)
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Therapeutic Research Centre. (2012). Ayurveda [Monograph]. Natural Medicines. Retrieved April 27, 2023, from https://naturalmedicines.therapeuticresearch.com/databases/food,-herbs-supplements/professional.aspx?productid=1201
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Example
Title of reference entry, (Year). In Title of Reference source. Retrieved Date of retrieval, from URL of homepage if not freely available from the internet
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In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): According to the product details recorded in nPod Metagenics ThyroCalm is used in Chinese medicine...
("Metagenics ThyroCalm 60t", 2018)
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Metagenics ThyroCalm 60t. (2018). In nPod. Retrieved September 5, 2018, from https://www.npod.com.au.
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WGSN publishes original trend and forecasting reports that are only available through the WGSN database. Follow the APA style guidelines for referencing a report and also include information about the database within the reference list entry.
Example:
Author, A. A. (year). Title of report. Publisher name. https://doi.org/xxxx
eg. Bang, M., & Cortesi, E. (2023). Sustainability bulletin: January 2023. WGSN.
eg. (Bang & Cortesi, 2023)
IBISWorld publishes original company and industry research reports. Follow the APA style guidelines for referencing a report and include information about the database. If the report does not have a DOI, do not include the library database URL.
Author, A. (year). Title of report. Publisher name. https://doi.org/xxxx
Schroeder, N., (2022). Domestic Airlines in Australia. IBISWorld.
(Schroeder, 2022)