Referencing - Websites & Webpages
Webpages
Guidelines
-Always cite the specific webpages that you have used as supporting evidence. Do not create citations for the entire website.
-If you are using multiple webpages from the same website, you must create a full reference list entry for each webpage
- Not all webpage sources have title and year, author or pages - these elements can be difficult to find. In general, include as much information as you can find.
-If the corporate author and host organisation/website name are the same then just include it in the author field and omit it in the organisation field after the title to avoid repetition.
-Include the last update date or copyright date of the specific webpage content in the format of (Year, Month Day). If not possible, include as much information about the date as you can such as the year. If there is no date, then use (n.d.) instead of the date.
- If the content you are citing is likely to be changed and are not archived, include a retrieval date, e.g. Retrieved January 8, 2025
-The webpage title must be in italics.
- Include the name of the website or organisation that hosts the website after the title.
-PDFs from a webpage count as a webpage reference unless they are another format such as an e-book or journal article.
-News websites that DO NOT have associated daily or weekly newspapers are considered websites for the purposes of citation.
-News websites that do have associated daily or weekly newspapers are considered newspaper articles for the purposes of citation.
In-text Citation
(Author, Year)
Reference List (Website with personal or corporate authors)
Authors. (Last update date OR copyright date). Webpage title. Host website/Organisation. URL of specific webpage
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In text example |
Reference list example |
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In-text citation (Chandler, 2020)
In-text citation
(World Health Organization, 2018)
(Therapeutic Goods Association, 2021, p.2)
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Personal author example: Chandler, N. (2020, April 9). What’s the difference between Sasquatch and Bigfoot? howstuffworks. https://science.howstuffworks.com/science-vs-myth/strange-creatures/sasquatch-bigfoot-difference.htm?
Group author example: World Health Organization. (2018, May 24). The top 10 causes of death. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death Therapeutic Goods Association. (2021, Oct). Panamax (Paracetamol) tablet and elixir. In TGA product and consumer information. Retrieved Aug 11, 2023 from https://www.ebs.tga.gov.au/ebs/picmi/picmirepository.nsf/PICMI?OpenForm&t=PI&q=paracetamol&r=/
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For further information see:
Webpage on a Website References by American Psychological Association
Whole Website References by American Psychological Association
Blog posts
Guidelines
- You can use either the author's real or online name.
- If you are citing a reply or a comment made to the original post, write "Comment on the blog post" in square brackets.
- The name of the blog itself is not part of the reference, although you can often see it in the URL. The title is not italicised.
In-text Citation
(Author, Year)
Reference List (Blog posts)
Author. (Year, Month Day). Title of specific post. Blog Title. URL of specific post
Reference List (Comment on an online newspaper article)
Commentor Name. (Year, Month Day). First 20 words of the comment [Comment on the blog post "Post Title"]. Blog Title. URL
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In text example |
Reference list example |
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In-text citation
(Oullette, 2019) OR
Oullette (2019)
In-text citation
(Worthington, 2019) OR
Worthington (2019)
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Blog post Ouellette, J. (2019, November 15). Physicists capture first footage of quantum knots unraveling in superfluid. Ars Technica. https://arstechnica.com/science/2019/11/study-you-can-tie-a-quantum-knot-in-a-superfluid-but-it-will-soon-untie-itself/
Comment on a blog post Worthington, T. (2019, August 19). The positive aspect of AI in education is that it will force us to be more transparent in what we [Comment on the blog post “Artificial intelligence in Schools: An ethical storm is brewing”]. EduResearch Matters. https://www.aare.edu.au/blog/?p=4325 |