Referencing - Figures & Images
Images from a website
Guidelines
- Every image included needs a caption as part of its in-text citation.
-If the image is not your own work, it requires an in-text citation.
-Include a page range if possible.
- A copyright attribution must be included in the Reference list entry that identifies the copyright date range as well as the name of the copyright owner as Copyright XXXX-XXXX by Copyright Owner Name
-Refer to the Generative Artifical Intelligence page if looking to cite images made using AI tools
Caption Requirements
-The word Fig. and a number (from 1, in numerical order), both in bold font at the top.
- A title or brief description of the figure in italics. Include an in-text citation with author, year, and page number.
In-text Citation
Fig. X
Image Title (Author, Year)
Reference List
Author name OR online name. (Year). Title. Website name/Source. Copyright XXXX-XXXX by Copyright Owner Name. URL.
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Reference list example |
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Fig. 1 Piriformis Stretch (Long, 2013)
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Image from a website Long, R.A. (2013). Piriformis Stretch. The Daily Bandha. Copyright 2010 - 2017 by Raymond A. Long, MD. http://www.dailybandha.com/2013/12/healing-with-yoga-piriformis-syndrome.html
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Fig. 1 Man holding a digital picture (andranik123, n.d.)
Note: Image is from Adobe Express. |
Image from Adobe Express Images from Adobe Express are licensed by Adobe. A full reference is needed. Right click the image to find the source info in the toolbar to identify the author of the image. andranik123. (n.d.). Man holding a digital pictures [Image]. Adobe Express. https://new.express.adobe.com |
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Fig. 1 Hospital Beds (gorden murah surabaya, n.d.)
Note: Image is from Canva |
Image from Canva Elements in Canva such as images do not require any attribution, therefore no full reference list entry is required. |
Copyright Guidelines
-If you are preparing a thesis, or a paper for publication, or your work is going to be made publicly available in any way, you will need to ensure you have the correct permissions to re-use any images, data, tables and figures that you may reproduce in your work. For further information, refer to our Copyright pages.
Creative Commons Licensed Images
Guidelines
- Every image included needs a caption as part of its in-text citation.
-Creative Commons images still need to be cited with a full reference list entry, unless they are in the public domain (CC0 license) or do not require attribution.
- If required, a creative commons attribution must be included in the Reference list entry that identifies the type of Creative Commons License and the name of the license owner as Licensed under XXXX-XXXX by License Owner Name
- The website name/source can be omitted if it is the same as the author, to avoid repetition.
Caption Requirements
-The word Fig. and a number (from 1, in numerical order), both in bold font at the top.
- A title or brief description of the figure in italics. Include an in-text citation with author, year, and page number.
In-text Citation
Fig. X
Image Title (Author, Year)
Reference List
Author name OR online name. (Year). Title. Website name/Source. Licensed under XXXX-XXXX by License Owner Name. URL.
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Reference list example |
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In-text citation Fig. 1
Acute Mitral Regurgitation (Servier Medical Art, n.d.)
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Image that requires attribution (CC BY 4.0 License) Servier Medical Art. (n.d.). Acute Mitral Regurgitation. Licensed under CC BY 4.0 by Servier Medical Art. https://smart.servier.com/smart_image/mitral-insufficiency/ |
Copyright Guidelines
-If you are preparing a thesis, or a paper for publication, or your work is going to be made publicly available in any way, you will need to ensure you have the correct permissions to re-use any images, data, tables and figures that you may reproduce in your work. For further information, refer to our Copyright pages.
Creative Commons License Types
For further information see:
Non-copyrighted Images
Guidelines
- A full reference entry is not needed if you are citing images that do not require attribution or are in the public domain. However, if you do use images from this source, it is recommended that you add a caption for your image and a note that identifies the source of this image such as Note: Non-copyrighted image is from XXXX
Caption Recommendations
-The word Fig. and a number (from 1, in numerical order), both in bold font at the top.
- A title or brief description of the figure in italics. Include an in-text citation with author, year, and page number.
Caption Structure
Fig. X
Image Title (Author, Year)
Note: Non-copyrighted image is from XXXX
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Reference list example |
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Fig. 5 Neural Network Deep Learning Prismatic (GDJ, 2018) Note: Non-copyrighted image is from Open Clipart |
Image from Open Clipart Open Clipart images are public domain. No full reference is needed. |
Your Own Image/Photograph
Guidelines
-You do not need to include a reference list entry for any images that you have created or any photos you have taken. However, it is still considered good practice to include a caption that identifies the image/photograph as your own work.
Caption (Your Own Image/ Photography)
Fig. X
Image Title
(Image created by myself) OR (Photograph taken by myself)
Artwork References
Guidelines
-Use these guidelines if the artwork is in a museum, museum website or art exhibition.
- In the Reference list entry, include the physical location of the artwork after the title, as Musuem/Exhibition Location, City/State, Country.
In-text Citation
Fig. X
Image Title (Author, Year)
Reference List (Physical Artwork)
Author name OR online name. (Year). Title. Location. Copyright XXXX by Copyright Owner.
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In text example |
Reference list example |
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Fig. 1 Christina's World (Wyeth, 1948)
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Physical rtwork (Museum Website) Wyeth, A. (1948).Christina’s world. Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY, United States. Copyright 2012 by Andrew Wyeth. https://www.moma.org/collection/works/78455 |
Image from a book or journal
Guidelines
- If you have used both text and an image from the same book or journal, only include the reference once in the reference list, and the copyright attribution must be included
- Every image included needs a caption as part of its in-text citation.
Caption Requirements
-The word Fig. and a number (from 1, in numerical order), both in bold font at the top.
- A title or brief description of the figure in italics.
Include an in-text citation with author, date, and page number.
In-text Citation
Fig. X
Image Title (Author, Year, Page Range)
Reference list
Author. (Year). Book Title. Copyright XXXX by Copyright Owner Name. URL or DOI
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Reference list example |
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Fig. 4 Important Childhood Micronutrients (Insel et al., 2007, p. 689)
Fig.1 Nursing Process Diagram (Doenges et al., 2024, p.48)
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Image from a print book Insel, P., Turner, R.E., & Ross, D. (2007). Nutrition (3rd ed.). Copyright 2007 by Jones and Bartlett Publishers.
Image from an eBook Doenges, M., Moorhouse, M. F., & Murr, A. (2024). Nursing care plans : guidelines for individualizing client care across the life span. Copyright 2024 by F. A. Davis Company. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/think/detail.action?docID=31608043 |
Copyright Guidelines
-If you are preparing a thesis, or a paper for publication, or your work is going to be made publicly available in any way, you will need to ensure you have the correct permissions to re-use any images, data, tables and figures that you may reproduce in your work. For further information, refer to our Copyright pages.
Image from Google images
Guidelines
-Google Images is a search engine that locates images on other webpages, it is not an original source for images.
-You should always go to the original source by selecting the image and then clicking ‘Visit page’.
-Then follow the format above for images from a website.